This year’s workshop was a real success, thanks to the active involvement of all participants. Events like this are essential for our community—not just for presenting our own work, but for openly discussing the challenges we face together.

The workshop series began in Pisa in 2024, where the focus was on bridging the gap between survey-based behavioural insights and large-scale mobility data. In this second workshop, the discussion has expanded to include the role of bias in human–AI interactions and the impact of algorithms on urban dynamics and equity—topics highly relevant to the 15-minute city concept.

Looking forward, the emphasis now shifts toward translating theoretical insights into actionable policy tools. The next phase will involve working directly with stakeholders—urban planners, transport authorities, and community groups—to co-design practical, decision-support tools that policymakers can actually use.

This evolution highlights the field’s progress: from technical modelling to addressing the real-world implications of mobility and urban planning. Understanding human behaviour remains central, not just for better forecasting, but for building more equitable, liveable cities.

Antonio Desiderio (ISI, Torino)